Ascaris lumbricoides Essays

Ascaris lumbricoides Essays Ascaris lumbricoides Essay Ascaris lumbricoides Essay It focuses on the incidence of ascariasis among children which consist of the disease profile and corresponding medication or treatment. It also provides information the reasons behind acquiring ascariasis. Ascaris is a soil-transmitted helminth, which means that the soil plays a major role in the development and transmission of the parasite. It causes varying degree of pathology: 1.) intestinal irritation to the adult and 2.) other complications due to extraintestinal migration. Soil-transmitted helminth infections like ascariasis are diseases of poverty. They contribute to impairment of cognitive performances and growth of children. (Cabrera B. and De Leon B., 2004). Ascariasis is a disease of humans caused by the parasitic roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides. It is prevalent in tropical and sub-tropical regions where hygiene is poor. Ascariasis is most common in tropical areas with poor sanitation and in Asia, where farmers use human feces as fertilizer. In the United States, its more prevalent in the south, particularly among people ages 4 to 12 (L. Williams 2005). Experts estimate that 25 percent of the world’s population plays host to the worm. In some underdeveloped countries, the prevalence rate of ascaris infection is a high 90 percent. In the Philippines, intestinal helminthiasis remains a major public health concern. In a study involving elementary school children in selected sites in Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao, the cumulative prevalence, which is the positivity for at least one type of STH infection, was 67%. A nationwide study also revealed that 66% of preschool children were infected with STH (de Leon and Lumampao, 2005), while a much recent study that served as a baseline for the Integrated Helminth Control Program (IHCP) of  Department of Health (DOH) noted an overall cumulative prevalence of 54.0% and prevalence of heavy intensity infections of 23.1% (Belizario et al., 2009). As per UP National Institute of Health and Department of Health figures, 70 percent of the population has Ascaris. Ascariasis can be treated by the most common treatment which is the Albendazole 400 mg, Mebendazole (Alternative therapy), Vitamin A supplementation and Nitazoxanide. General Objectives: This study is designed to determine the medication of Ascariasis among children and its corresponding treatment. Specific Objectives: This study is delimited to one hundred children’s. Hypothesis: Null NO.1: Hypothesis free No.2: Hypothesis free NO.3: there is no significance difference in the incidence of Ascariasis among children and its corresponding treatment.

How To Develop A Winning Social Media Content StrategyÂÂ

How To Develop A Winning Social Media Content Strategy   Social media is like a sport. Its competitive.  It takes consistent effort. At its best, its a team effort. Like with any sport, social media success also requires strategy. You need the right pieces, in the right place, at the right time. In other words, you need a game plan to guide your  success. But, how do you build a  social media content strategy? Do you actually need one? (Sspoiler alert: YES). What should the end product look like? These are all questions youll solve  in this post. First, youll learn  how to build a cross-platform  social media content strategy, then  download your  social media content strategy template. When youre done, youll have a documented strategy to guide your efforts to success. How To Develop A Winning #SocialMedia Content Strategy (Free Template)Download Your Free Social Media Content Strategy Template Apply the advice in this post with this free PowerPoint template. Once you have it downloaded, follow along with the rest of this post to complete each section. Want to read the book on social media strategy? Check out the latest project from that New York Times best-selling author, Jay Baer, calls "the tactical manual for successful social media programs."  Get Your Book Now: How To Create A Social Media Strategy Why Do You Need A Social Media Content Strategy? We'll keep this brief before getting down to business. Here are the primary reasons everything you're about to learn  is worthwhile: A strategy helps save time by knowing what you'll do before you start. It will also help  you understand why your social media marketing is working (or not working). It supports your  overall social media management efforts. Sound good? Let's move on. Step 1: Start With A Social Media Content Audit Are you headed for a championship season? Or, do you feel like you're entering a rebuilding year? Analyzing your current situation will help expose gaps and  highlight strengths. This will give you a clear picture of what to stop, start, and continue. Which Social Media Channels Are You On? This seems like an obvious question. It's still worth asking, though. Your brand may have abandoned social media accounts you've forgotten about. Follow these steps: Inventory all your channels. Note which ones are active and any that are stagnant. Search for any that may have been abandoned. Do you have multiple accounts on any channels? Merge them (or delete duplicates). Are There Channels You Should Add Or Remove? Sometimes less is more. However, you should be careful before removing a social media channel. The same goes for investing in new ones. Thinking about deleting a social account? Ask these questions first: Am I posting consistently on this channel?  If not, it may be time to start. Is weak performance possibly tied to poor execution?  Be honest with yourself. It's easy to blame  poor performance on a channel "just not working for your business." Sometimes that's an accurate assessment. However, you may just need to change your approach. Are my competitors successful on this channel?  If so, they're probably doing something you're not. If no one else is succeeding, it could be your audience simply isn't there. Do I have time to spend on this platform?  If you can't make it a priority, it may be time to cut it loose. Once you've answered these questions, you should have a clear idea of what you need to do. Pro Tip: Avoid the temptation to join every new social network as soon as they arrive. Properly investing in a few channels is better than chasing distractions or spreading yourself too thin. Tips For Selecting Social Media Channels Understanding each channel's strengths can help you understand if they're right for you. Pro Tip: Not every social network may be right for your brand. What Types Of Content Will You Create And Share  On Each Channel? Here's a simple overview of which types of content you can create across the social media spectrum: After reviewing the content types for each network, ask these questions: Which of these types of content am I currently creating? Which types is my strategy missing? Do I need additional resources to do any of these well? (eg: design software, video equipment, etc.) Who Will Be Creating Content For Your Company? You need a good team to win. Build yours by determining the following: Who will write social media content? If I don't have a designer, how will I create graphics? Do we have the capability to shoot video? Step 2: Set Social Media Goals Once you've audited your social media presence, it's time to set goals. We can break these down into two categories: Business Objectives: These are the overarching business goals you hope to advance through social media. For example, "increasing brand awareness" would be a business objective. Social Objectives: These are goals you'll set specifically for social media. For example, "increasing our Twitter follower count" would be a social objective. Using your template, list your top business objectives and social objectives: Then, establish clear and specific goals to reach these objectives: Need insight into how to set goals and measure your progress toward them? We've got you covered in this deep dive into social media analytics. Step 3: Social Media Competitive Analysis Pro athletes spend a lot of time researching their competition. They review game tape. They analyze  their strategy and tactics. Then, they prepare accordingly.  Don't let your competition outplay you. Do your homework. Don't let your competition outplay you. Do your homework.You're probably aware of who your competition is. Well, at least some of your competition. There could be an upstart you've never heard of. Or, an existing business might be expanding onto your turf. In any case, social media can be a great way to find out who these  interlopers are. Recommended Reading: 21 Social Media Engagement Tactics That Will Grow Your Audience Search Each Channel For Keywords Related To Your Niche For example, if you sell "marketing software," a search on Facebook should yield a list of marketing software companies. See if you can find some competition you didn't know about following this exercise: Search a keyword on Facebook related to your industry. Click the Pages tab and see who shows up. Repeat this process on Twitter, LinkedIn, Google+, and any other network where you have an active presence.  This will likely return a mix of companies you know and some that aren't relevant. However, you'll likely turn up a few that are new to you. Search Google Sometimes obvious tactics are easy to overlook. Set Up Google Alerts for Industry Keywords Make a list of keywords related to your brand and industry. Set up a Google Alert for each keyword. This will send you an email when each term is mentioned on the web: This can help you know when new competitors pop up. Analyze Your Competition's  Social Media Presence You can tell a lot about a business by looking at its social profiles. Take note of the following: Friend / Follower Counts Engagement (Comments, Shares, Etc.) Post Frequency Which Social Channels Are They On Where Are They Most / Least Successful Adjust Your Approach Accordingly Follow this three-pronged approach to put this intelligence to use. 1. What can I replicate?  See a competitor succeeding with a tactic or type of content you're not currently using? Swipe it and do it your own way. 2. What can I do better?  Notice someone doing something moderately well (or even poorly)? Think what you would improve. Then, do it. This could include: Of course, this will depend on what gaps and deficiencies you see out there. The idea is to simply be aware of where you can improve. 3. What can I do differently?  Stand out from the crowd. Figure out how you can put a unique spin on what others are doing. This can be as simple as expressing an opinion contrary to what's popular on a given topic. It could also mean putting a fresh spin on an old tactic. Standing out on #socialmedia starts with strong strategic intent.Now, Complete Step 3 In Your Template Once you've scoured the competitive landscape, fill in the next section of your template. Start by listing your top ten competitors on social media: Next, document their social follower counts: Finally, determine what you can do better, and what you can do differently. Base your analysis on what you've observed on your competitor's social accounts: Step 4: Establish Your Target Audience Are you reaching the right people on social media? That's what we'll find out next. Start By Building A Simple Persona Developing a persona can be a complex process.  Let's break it down into a simple process using social media insights and Google Analytics. Check Your Facebook Insights Tab Facebook provides brand pages with tons of useful demographic information. Go to your Facebook Page and click Insights. Then, find the People tab in the left-hand navigation. Here, you'll find valuable information about your audience demographics. Use Google Analytics to Analyze Your Blog or Website's Demographic Data Google Analytics is an excellent resource for learning more about your audience. Start by logging into your account. Then, head down to the Demographics tab: Here, you can find basic information about your audience's age and gender breakdowns. Let's check out the Interests area next. First, click on Interests. Then, head down to Affinity Categories: This will tell you which topical categories your audience is interested in. This is useful information to have when crafting content (both on social media and elsewhere). Next, click on In-Market Segments. This section tells you which other markets and industries your audience researches. Recommended Reading: How To Track Your Marketing Objectives To Focus On Success Now, Complete Step 4 In Your Template Start building your persona by filling in the fields you see below: Here are some tips for filling in each piece: Name. Feel free to get creative. Job Title: This can be a generalization. Age: This doesn't need to be too specific. Include a range based on what you find under your Facebook Insights tab, and in Google Analytics (go to Demographics, then click Age). Income Level: This can be an average based on salary data for your industry, or your audience's industries. Indeed.com's Salary Search is a useful quick-and-dirty solution for this: Location: This could be a specific city, state, or region. Or, you might break it down by rural vs. urban. Do what makes the most sense in your situation. Interests Hobbies: You can find a lot of this information under Affinity Categories in Google Analytics. Next, let's move onto the second slide: If you're struggling to fill in each piece, consider surveying your audience. Set one up using a service like Survey Monkey or Polldaddy. Convince And Convert also put together this excellent guide on how to run an audience survey. Step 5: Establish Your Brand Voice Tone Once you know who you're talking to, it's time to figure out how to speak with them. This means establishing your brand voice and tone for social media. Establishing brand voice is important for maintaining a consistent tone and messaging across social channels. How do you make your voice suit best practices on each network while staying consistent? That's the problem we're about to solve. Is your brand voice pulling your audience in, or pushing them away?Monitor Discussions On Social Media What kind of language do folks in your industry use on social media? Listen to your audience. Try to keep your tone and word choice within a relatable context for them. Choose Three Words Or Phrases To Summarize Your Brand These can be related to: Product benefits Brand personality Your purpose or mission Think About How Your Audience Views Your Brand Why do your customers choose your product? Why do your readers follow your blog? This is important stuff to know when crafting social media content. For example,  people who visit a hardware store are probably working on home projects. It makes sense, then, that they'd expect to see stuff about DIY home repair on that business's social channels. Apply a similar concept to your own efforts. Compare Your Tone To Your Competitors You don't want to sound like your competition. Making your brand voice unique will help you stand out. Review the social accounts of ten competitors Pay attention to their tone and personality Determine how you can A) be yourself and B) be different from the pack 5  Examples of Brands Who Have Nailed Their  Brand Voice 1.  Old Spice Old Spice maintains an irreverent and humorous vibe throughout all their marketing. Whether you're on their Facebook page, or reading the back of a bottle of their body wash, they create a consistent experience. They turn otherwise boring products into something interesting. 2.  Bobcat Company Think no one would be interested in construction and agricultural  equipment on Facebook? Think again. Bobcat Company does an incredible job of engaging their audience across social media. They do this in part by maintaining a consistent brand voice and speaking to the needs and interests of people who use their machines. 3.  Arby's No one digs deeper to speak to one specific audience than Arby's. Lots of people eat fast food, right? Well, when your audience is that broad, it's easy for your messaging to become so diluted that it effectively interests no one. So, Arby's targets their social media content at gamers, using the exact language  Ã‚  and references their hardcore audience would appreciate. This example references an obscure video game called Flinthook, creating a joyously unexpected experience for fans. Were officially hooked. #flinthook pic.twitter.com/btlYgxEv8z Arbys (@Arbys) April 18, 2017 4. Gary Vaynerchuk Few motivational speakers in the marketing world are as, well, genuinely motivating as Gary Vaynerchuk. That's party because he says what he thinks with uncompromising honesty. That carries through with all of his social media content, too. He's serious, unfiltered, and consistent in his commitment to real authenticity everywhere he publishes. #work A post shared by Gary Vay-Ner-Chuk (@garyvee) on Apr 20, 2017 at 6:54am PDT Now, Complete Step 5 In Your Template This slide is simple enough. Here's what you've got to complete: Brand Voice Description: Consider this a short personality profile. Social Media Tag Line: These three adjectives should describe your social media brand. Social Media Mission Statement: Fill in the blanks to summarize who you're creating social media content for, and why. Social Media Content Strategy: What Will You Create, and Why? We're finally ready to establish the real meat of your social media content strategy. This means answering three main questions: What will you create? How will you create it? Why will you create it? Develop Social Media Brand Standards Consistency counts on social media.  One way to enforce consistency is to create brand standards. These don't have to be complex. Start by defining the following: Acceptable spelling variations for your brand name and product names Acceptable usages for your logo Acceptable color schemes for graphics Brand standards can be much more complex than these items. They also can extend far beyond what you share on social media. If you want to take this to the next level, many brands and organizations make their brand standards public. Here are some  examples: University of Connecticut Moz NASA Nike What Purpose Will Your Content Serve? How will your audience benefit from each piece of content you share on social media? That's what our next step is all about. Check off the following as appropriate using your template: How To Write And Design For Social Media There is an art and craft to writing and designing for social media. It's not just a matter of throwing up any old image with some ill-thought copy. It takes careful thought and planning to get this right. However, keep in mind that these suggested best practices are just suggestions. Start with these guidelines, then adjust based on what you find works best for you. Don't overlook social media copywriting and design. Recommended Reading: How to Write For Social Media to Create the Best Posts How to Work With Designers (With Authentic Advice From 's Designer) How to Design the Best Blog Graphics With Free Tools and Design Theory How Long Should Social Media Copy Be On Each Channel? Recommended Reading: How to Make Writing for Social Media Work for Your Business What Sizes Should Social Media Images Be? ; Which Types Of Images to Create Infographics.  The key here is to create infographics that are specifically optimized for social media. That means they need to be the correct size to be easily readable on each platform. Image Quotes.  People love looking for inspiration on social media. It's no wonder we see so many motivational quote images across the social media spectrum. If you want to stand out, consider creating images with original quotes, along with a link to a relevant blog post. Photos.  Everyone in your office has a smartphone capable of taking decent photos. If you're fortunate, you might have access to a DSLR too. Keep the following photo ops in mind: At events Around your office Customers using your products or services Don't forget that Facebook allows multiple images to be posted into galleries. This can be an awesome way to tell a more complete story than using single images alone. Pro Tip: Consider running a contest that requires participants to submit photos. This can be a great way to obtain a high number of user-generated images you can use on social media. Build a List of Content Curation Sources No one wants to listen to someone who only talks about themselves. So, we recommend incorporating content curation into your social media strategy. Use the Content Curation Source List to compile a repository of trusted sources to share content from: Recommended Reading: How to Curate Content to Benefit You and Your Audience Social Media Video Best Practices (By Channel) Video is increasing in importance across social media. Follow these tips and guidelines to make the most of your video content. What Kinds Of Videos Should I Create? This depends on what's appropriate for your company or blog. Here are some ideas to get started: How-to videos Behind-the-scenes company videos Product videos Event coverage Recruiting videos to attract employees Videos that answer common customer service complaints Recommended Reading: How to Make a Video Content Marketing Strategy to Boost Your New Series How to Get Started With Twitter Video Marketing How to Do Facebook Video Marketing the Right Way Social Media Content Calendar Management Before you start creating content, you'll need something to keep it all organized. That's where your social media calendar comes into play. Build A Social Media Calendar (If You Haven't Already) Your social media calendar is a key piece in your overall content strategy. You have two options: Use a calendar spreadsheet. Use an app. While spreadsheets are free, apps add useful collaboration and automation features. What's most important is that you  keep your content calendar organized to assure your strategy's success. Read our post on building an effective social media editorial calendar to get started with this task. Your social strategy isn't complete without an editorial calendarNext, complete the following slide in your template: 5 Content Calendar Strategy Tips 1.  Vary the types of content you share throughout each week. This means switching up videos, GIFs, infographics, images, surveys, links to blog and website content, plain text posts, and whatever else you have in your content arsenal. 2.  Determine who will own your calendar. Collaboration is key for calendar success. However, it's helpful to have one person who has ultimate editorial control over when posts are scheduled. 3.  Color coding is your friend. Select specific colors to represent certain channels or content types. 4.  Plan social media content at least two weeks in advance. This will make sure your content flow doesn't stagnate. You can also assume you'll have more content to share that will come up in between scheduled posts. 5.  Test. A social media calendar makes it easy to see what content you shared and when. Pay attention to what content does well. Then, share more similar content.  This is how you double down on success. Set Your Posting Schedule How many times should you post a day? Which times and days of the week are best? These are common questions without definitive answers. However, we've crunched the data from tons of studies, and here's what it shows: ; Complete your preliminary posting schedule using the following slide in your template: Recommended Reading: This Is The Social Media Posting Schedule That Will Boost Your Traffic By 192% How To Measure The Success Of Your Social Media Content Strategy This is the part where you impress your CEO. Business owners and executives often don't care about "likes" or "engagement rates." They care about their bottom line. That means conversions and revenue. Show your value by showing how you're making them money. Which Metrics To Pay Attention To Which metrics you use should be determined by your business objectives.  Here are some simple metrics to consider for each network: 3 Ways To Track Social Media Marketing Performance Once your strategy has been up and running for a while, you'll want to measure your performance. Here's how using Google Analytics, Cyfe, and each network's built-in analytics capabilities. 1. Use Google Analytics Google Analytics is an invaluable (and free) tool for measuring social media success. Log into your account. Click Acquisition. Then, click Social. You'll see several useful tabs here. Network Referrals: This tells you which networks are sending traffic to your site. Landing Pages: The specific pages social media is directing traffic toward. Conversions: Which social media networks are driving the most conversions. These are the three easiest places to start analyzing your social media marketing in Google Analytics. We also recommend referring to Google's official Social Analytics documentation to learn how to get started. Afton Negrea also put together an excellent video on measuring social media performance in Google Analytics: Need further assistance? We cover Google Analytics in more depth here. Curious how to use Google Analytics to measure social media marketing? Wonder no more.2. Consider Using Cyfe Another third party option to consider, however, is Cyfe. It's a freemium tool that allows you to build custom dashboards to track the metrics most important to you: Start by creating a new dashboard. Then, select Add Widget. Then, click on Social Media and add each of your social media channels. Continue building out your dashboard. The end result will look something like this. Source: Cyfe.com 3. Use Each Platform's Built-In Analytics Some social media networks provide useful analytics tools for marketers. While we don't have the time or space to cover each in-depth, we recommend familiarizing yourself with each network's official support documentation: Facebook Insights LinkedIn Analytics for Company Pages Google+ Insights Twitter Audience Insights Instagram Business Tools for Brands Pinterest Analytics Power your social media strategy with built-in social analytics.You Need More Than Just A Social Media Content Strategy So far, we've laid out a solid game plan for your social media content. Next comes the hard part: putting your strategy to use. 1. Download your Social Media Content Strategy Template available in this post. 2. Read these posts to nail the tactical execution of your social media strategy: Helpful Posts To Execute Your Social Strategy: The 6 Types Of Social Media Content That Will Give You The Greatest Value How To Make The Best Social Media Images The Easy Way How To Increase Visibility With Social Media Optimization 8 Social Media Best Practices That Will Save You 25.5 Hours In A 2-Week Sprint 21 Social Media Engagement Tactics That Will Grow Your Audience This will be easier said than done. However, you're in this game for the long haul, right? If you're in it to win it, you'll succeed.

Leading and managing remotely Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Leading and managing remotely - Essay Example With an increasing globalization drive that leads the nature of business culture towards an integrated system linking every part of the world, absence of a centralized global social and cultural information resource for business stifles optimal CSR experiences. Fortunately, the huge gap that exists in terms of the presentation of the cultural and social environment database that globalization needs is within reach, if the appropriate compilation suffices. Using a fair representation of global business information collected by a team of researchers, the following project debrief explains how the database construction proceeds amid the virtual management challenges after dispatch to various locations in the world (Majchrzak Malhotra and Rosen 2007, p62). Purpose of the Project The main aim of this project is to characterize various cultures and social settings that the global business fraternity must orientate to, in order to achieve the ever-increasing demand for a standardized corpor ate social responsible experience. ... This project will integrate vital national and regional sociocultural environments across the five continents to supplement the scanty information available from different sources. Support and assistance from a number of multinationals is expected and the project funding and technical assistance promised increases success projections for this task. Some of the interested multinationals include Amazon, E-Bay UK and Vodafone UK. Team Expertise and Experience The team carrying out the project for the creation of the CSR demands database will be constituted of senior sociology students picked from three universities. Main concept of overseas corporate space coverage implies that the vital target for the project will be outsourced from foreign students from the other four continents. British students from our campus will be engaged for the characterization of Europe CSR while foreign students recruited will cover their home countries and their regional corporate culture as required for th e project. The team overseeing the project has been in existence for a while, covering similar geographical coverage tasks on different topics. However, the lack of sufficient representation for complete global characterization in terms of the project demands compelled involvement of foreign students from two other universities. The success of this task is projected from the experience gained in the previous projects, for instance in a project that covered the estimations of social impact of aid on education against other forms of aid in Africa and Asia. Social interaction with communities supplied with aid not related to education shows that the definition of the specific needs of these communities is possible if a similar approach is employed. Education qualification for

The Healthcare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

The Healthcare - Essay Example In an interview with Clay G., Med, Ph.D. classroom teacher at Michelle Jordan, and counselor at Seagoville Elementary School, Dr. Clay mentioned that the most substance used by children in my school is tobacco. He confirmed that Seagoville is in a low socio-economic area in Dallas County and has a prevalence of drug users which these children are exposed to, the kids tend to pick up smoking or using drugs because of the area they live and grew up inside. Due to the low education and increasing poverty in this area, students rarely escape such poverty. Dr. Clay explained that students who use drugs display different behaviors. In addition to mood swings, students are usually jittery, lethargic, depressed, and unable to focus. When these behaviors are noticed by the teacher the parents are invited to meet with a counselor and the child’s teacher. The school counselor in most cases provides weekly lessons to students on any issues related to drug and peer pressure. Schools togeth er with district administrators mostly hold the Red Ribbon Drug Free week, which is a pledge for students not to use drugs. He recommended that the only thing that may help in reducing such drug abuse is early education and funding to increase resources that will help reach all children at a tender age. More commercials have to be designed to show students the effects of drug abuse such as, â€Å"this is your brain on drugs† campaign shown a few years ago, with the person’s brain presented in form of an egg being fried on a pan.

Answers Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Answers - Coursework Example Partnership with several big brands and acquiring several potential outlets. Effective business expansion strategy. Effective employee strength. Significant reputation among the target customers. Weaknesses Major of the outlets are located only in UK, therefore, they are failing to capitalize on the potential global opportunities. Due to this, they are lacking to achieve the advantages of economies of scale. Only provide Italian style foods and major of the brand names are not known to people. Inadequate food sector than other existing competitors. Lack of change process adoption. Limited presence in global market place. Depending on one supplier. Opportunities Product diversification strategy and implementation of internet cafe in business process. Further 450-500 store expansion in both international and domestic market within 2015. Future international business expansion plan due to the economic development of several countries. Change of social trends to hang around in a coffee b ar for several purposes. Threats Huge competitive market place due to the presence of potential organizations, such as Costa, Starbucks, Subway, Greggs and Bakers Oven. Fluctuating currency exchange rate in global market. Economic downturn and low disposable income of middle class people and political instability. High bargaining power of suppliers and high price of coffee can affect the business output. If people change their trends in near future, such as from coffee consumption to tea, then it will affect the overall industry. Answer 2 UK coffee and sandwich market is significantly growing due to the presence of several leading branded coffee and sandwich chains. Caffe Nero Group Ltd. is one of the popular coffee chains in UK. The organization is popular for its high quality coffee and effective fresh food items. The organization has followed Italian style in its product differentiation strategy. However, in terms of segmentation strategy, the organization has implemented Demogra phic and Geographic segmentation. In terms of Geographic segmentation, the organization has majorly focused on the people of UK. It is the social trend of UK people to consume coffee products, such as cold coffee, regular coffee from the coffee chains. Moreover, the organization has, established their stores in major cities in UK in order to achieve potential target customer base. However, the organization has understood the geographical potentiality of places and established the stores according to the trends. In terms of demographic segmentation, the organization has classified its target customers in three groups, such as income, age and gender. It is evident that, women are the maximum users of coffee shop comparing to the male users. Therefore, the organization has targeted the ladies to achieve growth. The target customers are aged between 35 and 55. Busy office goers are the major target customers Caffe Nero. Finally, the organization has targeted people of high income group as they are the potential customers of coffee and sandwich shops. Answer 3 This part will propose a marketing mix strategy to Caffe Nero for further improvement. Marketing mix strategy consists of product, price, place and promotional marketing strategy. Product The major product of the organization is coffee. Due to this, everybody knows that, Caffe Nero is a coffee house and serves fresh foods, pasta, sandwiches and parties. In UK the organization

Critically analyse existing culture and context of care nursing essay

Critically analyse existing culture and context of care nursing essay Firstly, it is necessary to give a few core definitions to the topic and put in into it into a context. Practice development (PD) has been widely defined by many authors and professionals. Following it is possible to finda selection of some of the most accurate and well-known definitions. Firstly, Joyce (1999, p. 109) defines Practice Development as the implementation of initiatives that promote change or maintain good practice in order to enhance care. The latter is undoubtedly a very concise definition. Further extended definitions were provided by, in example, McCormack et al (2004), who consider practice development as a continuous process of improvement in order to increase effectiveness in patient-centered care through the enable of nurses and health care teams to transform the culture and context of care. Simmons (2003, p. 37) argues that practice development is in fact supported by a series of facilitators committed to a systematic, rigorous, continuous process of emancipatory change (Simmons, 2003, p. 37). The latter statement refers to emancipatory practice development, one of the two approaches to PD, together with technical practice development, and which has lately been joined by a third type: transformational Practice Development (Dewing, 2008, p. 134) Definitions and studies on Practice development are, obviously also addressed to maximize quality and benefits of nursing PD. Clarke and Wilcockson (2001, p. 264) stated that the main issues to be considered in the changes and characteristics of the context of nursing care are: the influence of PD in the learning of the staff in the health organisation and the robustness of the evidence upon which the development is based . Practice development in patient care must also be encouraged and directed in order to have a forwarding vision and to guess how and what the service and initiatives must look like, always eliminating boundaries, or at least challenging them (Clarke and Wilcockson, 2002, p. 406). It is important to note that, in practice development, organisation and professional learning should never develop independently. Since the organisation must be a learning place, it is necessary to classify the achievable types of knowledge (Clarke and Wilcockson, 2001, p. 264). Depending on the author it is possible to find different classifications of such knowledge. In fact, according to Clarke and Wilcockson (2002, p. 398) knowledge can be: distal or proximal. The former is also known as knowledge for practice and the latter as knowledge from practice (that depends on the contextual issues within the environment like staffing levels). To bring together both knowledges is the most common desire: a synthesis of scientific theoretical, experimental and personal knowledge. Concretely in this case, nurses of the health organisation, as professionals, can hold knowledge for the organisation itself and create theories of action and strategies. As a matter of fact to analyse an organizations knowledge and influence of its practice developments, soft system methodology is used. Such technique approach problems actively and focuses the research on encouraging change rather than just analysing and describing the problem (Clarke and Wilcockson, 2001, p. 265). As Clarke and Wilcockson (2001, p.399) state, soft system methodology develops models of relevance to the real world, or practice situation, in order to achieve greater and more successful changes. The most important part of the system is the analysis of the data recollected since it permits the creation of a general picture about the impact of practice developments within the chosen organisation and on its individuals (Clarke and Wilcockson, 2002, p. 399 401). In recent years it has been created a debate about the application of research-based knowledge and the implementation of evidence-based practice. Its advantages are clear but it also has a few disadvantages including the possible lack of skills in research critique, the lack of interest of the individual to any available written knowledge or the lack of conformity with the evidence (Clarke and Wilcockson, 2002, p. 397). The considered solution to some of the barriers may be to implement and encourage education within the organisation in order to promote individual skills. In the light of this information, the implementation will be successfully achieved when evidence is scientifically firm, when the context is receptive to change with sympathetic cultures, the feedback system works satisfactorily and there is an appropriate monitoring and leadership (Harvey et al, 2002, p. 578). But the most important factor would be the existence of facilitators for the change, which could be extern al or internal. Firstly, it is necessary to define the term facilitation. It is a concept emerged from both student-centred learning and counselling, which is influenced by humanistic psychology, as Harvey et al (2002, p. 580) mentioned. It refers to a process of enabling individuals and groups to understand the processes they have to go through to change aspects of their behaviour, or attitudes to themselves, their work or other individuals (Marshall and Mclean, 1988). The term has been used in different disciplines, inside and outside the health care field. Therefore, facilitation is the process of encouraging experimental learning through critical reflection, helping organisations and professionals to understand what they need to change and how they should do it in order to achieve the before mentioned evidence-based practice. A more simplified definition, by Kitson et al (as recollected in Harvey et al, 2002, p. 579) describes facilitation as a technique by which one person makes things easier for others. The fact is that in all definitions the term change is included and there are a series of strategies considered to be effective promoting such change like educational outreach visits, audits, feedback and even a marketing approach. Existing practices are challenged and individuals within the organization must embrace new theoretical approaches to improve their practices. It has been proved, that a combination of various approaches is the most effective way of facilitation. One facilitation model could be the Oxford Model of facilitation, created in the first half of the 1980s and which consists in the introduction of more systematic approaches to the prevention of coronary heart diseases and in order to support the creation of more health checks and regular screenings for high-risk patients (Harvey et al, 2002, p. 580). The facilitation process, then, involves facilitators using a range of interpersonal and group skills to achieve the desired change. Literature shows that facilitation in evidence-based practice development addresses the following issues: facilitating change, evidence translation and communication, responding to external influences and agendas, education and life-long learning, getting research into practice and audit and quality initiatives. (Dewing, 2008, p. 136). INTENSIVE CARE NURSING Applying the theory developed before more concretely to the intensive care nursing field, it goes without doubt that nurses can improve patient recovery by using the mentioned before patient -centered care, and, as the Guidance for nurse staffing in critical care (Unknown author, 2003, p. 259) points out by applying pro-active management and vigilance, coping with unpredictable events and providing emotional support. The effectiveness of the nurses improves with proactive prediction and prevention of any possible complications and prompt and skilled intervention in the event of sudden deterioration (Unknown author, 2003, p. 259). Carroll carried out an study which has several useful applications into the nursing care field. Carroll (1997, p. 210) then, identified seven of the most used facilitators in nursing practice according to the answers of a series of participants. The most frequently cited facilitator was the need to have more time available to review and implement research findings. The other six cited facilitators were: conducting more clinically focused relevant research, improving availability/accessibility of research reports, enhancing administrative support and encouragement, providing colleagues support networks/mechanisms, advanced education/increasing research knowledge base, improving the understanding of research reports. (Carroll, 1997, table 2) Barriers to the development of advanced practice in nursing include resistance (both active and passive) or the opposition and obstruction of new roles and responsibilities (Srivastava et al, 2008, p. 2674). Other negative factors in the context of nursing care that would act as barriers would include the fact that the personal beliefs of some practitioners may actively promote discriminatory care (which is called, by Clarke and Wilcockson, 2002 corruption of care) (Clarke and Wilcockson, 2002, p. 397 -398). In particular, within nursing, the definition of facilitation is more closely related to the before stated term of change, and more particularly to the promotion of communication between organizations (Simmons, 2003, p. 42). In the first paragraphs of this essay emancipatory and transformational Practice Development were mentioned. Such concepts have especial focus on facilitation, and as stated before this facilitation has two types, the inside and the outside. However, McCormack et al (2007) have stated that such a division is too simplistic but it is useful when clarifying terms. Outsider or external facilitators involve project planning and learning expertise on nursing discipline (in this case) that may be missing within the organization. Internal facilitators for Project Development, however, have a more direct role in day-today facilitation (Unknown, 2003, p. 259). Nursing practice development can make a significant contribution to the improvement of patient and service user experiences and to the modernization of intensive care services through its focus on improving workplace cultures and learning. McCormack and Titchen (2006) recommend key policy and strategy stakeholders need to be targeted in order to develop a strategic way forward for connecting practice development methods with service/systems developments, set within a modernization and risk management agenda. Clearly Nursing Managers can influence this area at various strategic interfaces in the course of their work (Dewing, 2008, p. 139). CONCLUSION To start concluding, the term practice development has been, therefore, used to describe a range of approaches, methods and processes in organising and delivering diverse changes in nursing practice for many years (Dewing, 2008, p. 134). Thus there are plenty of evidence who assure that improved outcomes are not just a result of numbers of staff, but are more related to the staff level of training and skills. (Srivastava et al, 2008, p. 2675 -2678) Tasks of facilitation and in particular of facilitation in nursing would more concretely include: leading meetings and developing systems and programmes; the assessment and monitoring of care and data collection and the undertaking of joint clinical consultation with practice nurses (Simmons, 2003, p. 45). The facilitator/educator nurse is in charge of providing and locating resources. Therefore, nursing facilitation for practice development must be addressed by a facilitator who provides a focus for nurses to obtain the information they require to pursue a professional or practice development goal (as stated by Thornbory, 1999 and recollected in Simmons, 2003, p. 45). A nurse in that role will be effective if counts on a series of qualities such as: personal confidence, formal education, training and preparation; supervision, feedback from other professionals or organizations, assertiveness and negotiation skills and experience in his/her specialty. It is also important if the nurse facilitator can count on a supportive organizational culture (Srivastava et al, 2008, p. 2674) What it is undeniable is that facilitation needs of critical thinking. Since facilitation should involve confronting, questioning and critical reflection (as pointed out in Simmons, 2003, p. 44), critical thinking is a key element to enable professionals (and concretely nurses) within an organization to understand the different elements that create a clinical situation. Nursing facilitation, concretely, will need to count on critical thinking in order to improve nurses skills and knowledge. In order to achieve that, a nurse educator with the suitable nursing expertise or practice development nurse must be appointed. New nursing staff in critical care need to easily identify their nurse educator in order to ensure their continued development after the orientation period (Unknown author, 2003, p. 264). This facilitates the learning culture within the organization in which evidence-based practice can be developed to meet the needs of the patients (Unknown, 2003, p. 263). As a matter of fact an expert nurse in critical care with highly developed technical skills and supportive knowledge will be helpful in extending the knowledge, and consequently the role of intensive care nurses. The latter is in fact a very controversial topic lately; however it is not the topic of this essay. As an example of facilitation and its practical application it can be say t hat it can assure advance practice in: cannulation, venepuncture, ordering blood tests and X-rays; performing physiotherapy; inserting arterial lines; performing elective cardioversion; thrombolysis treatment and intubation (Srivastava et al, 2008, p. 2675). As Rutherford et al 2005 (and it was recollected in Sarivastava et al, 2008, p. 2674) assert, the organizational infrastructure is central in encouraging new roles and establish the perfect framework for debate. Therefore, effectiveness in intensive care nursing includes facilitator skills such as adaptability, prior experience, personal confidence and assertiveness. Training and preparation, feedback from other professionals and a supportive organizational culture are also signaled by Lloyd Jones, 2005 as needed skills (and as it is recollected in Srivastava et al,2008, p. 2675). A key element for critical thinking and advanced practice in nursing is without any doubt autonomy. Autonomy is defined by Fairley, 2003 (as found in King and MacLeod, 2002, p. 322) with three other terms: (independence, identity and authority) with an additional dimension of self-determination. Expert critical care practitioners in any field will use intuition. In fact King and LcLeod (2002, p. 322) have developed a research on the intuition used by nurses at different levels of practice in decision-making. Autonomy and intuition are key elements of an effective advanced practice performance. It is also necessary to note that, as stated before, the debate about the expansion of nursing roles in intensive care in the UK has been created years ago. Before a change like such occurs it is necessary to note that clarity about training, status, authority, career structure and remuneration must be clear. Nowadays, the context of care in nursing have experimented a series of innovations which profound changes, especially in the field of the working relationships between nurses and medical staff. It is also necessary to note that Intensive Care nursing is a quite new field (which developed into a separate category around 1995, English, 1997) which appeared in order to ensure that patients with an uncomplicated recovery will always be attended. Nowadays, critical care practitioners make all decisions about routine management and over combined roles of anaesthetist, perfusionist and intensivist while carrying on with conventional nursing care. Facilitation and practice development are therefore key issues for intensive care nursing. The implementation of critical care practitioners needed of training and improvement of quality of care merits (English, 1997). Also it needed of three main steps: to give the appropriate title to the nurses depending on the specialist training they received, to give them the necessary authority to act independently, commensurate with the responsibility that they already carried and changes in the salary which, allegedly reflect the value of the work and helped retaining the staff. In Englishs (1997) words: Trusts now have more freedom to set appropriate terms and conditions of service for staff, but support is also needed from the nursing authorities and the Department of Health. Concluding, it is noticeable that there is a clearly positive relationship between research utilization and attitude toward that research, the extended use of professional nursing journals among clinical nurse educators and higher levels of education. In fact, despite the fact that not all intensive care practitioners have the necessary critical approaches and skills (and evidence-based practice research) to use research effectively in practice, such new field like critical care nursing is evolving in the good directions thanks to the use of those facilitators among other factors. The latter affirmation is based on some studies that have been lately developing a deeper approach into clinical nurse educators and the determinants of their research utilization behaviour in clinical practice. Furthermore, it is necessary to point out that it is necessary further research and improvements in the field, especially research on the outcomes of research utilization, including the effectiveness of their role as educators/facilitators and the organization and, over all, contexts in which they practice. Finally, the Royal College of Nursing (RCN) standards on effective workplace culture are going to be used in order to clarify which vital areas need to be encouraged for an effective culture: the need of developing person-centeredness, also developing individual, team and service effectiveness, developing evidence-based health care including knowledge of utilization, transfer and evidence development and developing an effective workplace culture (Dewing, 2008, p. 136).

Land Ethic :: essays research papers

The land ethic is a holistic view of ecosystems. It entails an entire view of a biotic community to include all of nature, not just the individualistic components which incorporate our environment. Great efforts would be taken by supporters of the ‘land ethic’ to support an ecosystem that was threatened. The individual components that comprise the ecosystem are not of great concern to supporters of this theory; they would argue that a threat to an individual organism, even protected or endangered, should be evaluated on whether or not the protected or endangered species does endanger the integrity of the whole system. A supporter of the land ethic argument would have consequences to weigh regarding the value of the threatened individual and how it relates to the survival of individuals of the group. If the group were to suffer a threatening blow that could affect the livelihood or existence of members of the controlling group one would expect that the threatened organis m could be evaluated for possible â€Å"non-protection†. In contrast, a Respect for Nature ethic believes that any animal or living organism should be protected because that organism is deserving of its own individual worth; the fact that it is protected or endangered would be of little concern to these supporters. The simple fact that an individual is threatened is more than sufficient to justify that great efforts be taken to protect that individual entity. The Respect for Nature ethic followers would argue that every organism is worthy of protection because of an inherent worth that entitles that entity to protection from destruction.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If society were to take either side of this argument, there would be consequences. To take the land ethic view, our current use of the land for farming and raising livestock would change and our view as the conqueror of the land would change to more towards a â€Å"biotic citizen† or a member of the land community.

Leadership Portfolio Essay

To become a successful Product Manager; lead teams using transformational leadership model; and network effectively with professionals of my field. I am new to the field of Product Management and while my previous experiences leverage this decision, it still remains a challenging proposition to succeed in this field. In this regard, I am writing this leadership plan which will be my guiding force throughout my professional life. The document will be updated as and when underlying goals are met and the bar of defining success extended. The three most important competencies which I will strive to improve are: 1. Skills: * A competent product manager must have a diverse skillset and I plan on adding skills to my existing portfolio. Some crucial skills which I plan on learning during the course of my MBA program are: * Sales and Marketing management – For successful selling, marketing and merchandising of a new product * Strategic management – For a more robust product inception, development and deployment * Conflict management – For effective and lasting resolution of internal and external conflicts * Financial management – For informed capital budgeting and financial forecasting decisions * Project management – For better and efficient modular management of entire project lifecycle. In addition to the skills mentioned above, in this new role, I will strive to assimilate newer skills which will smoothen my professional evolutionary continuum. * Takeaway from the course: * Learnt the nuances of Authentic Leadership I plan on working more on this aspect and hopefully get better members in my network. 5. Find a networking event to attend, and bring the idea to class to share with the group. There is an event organized by Duquesne University’s Small Business Development Center â€Å"First Step: Business Start-Up Essentials† on November 15th 2012. The topics covered in this event include Social Media, Search Engine Optimization and Web-Design. This will be an interesting event to network especially since many attendees will be looking for new and innovative ideas to promote their brands. They will also be bringing loads of experience and knowledge on starting similar line-extension products.

10 Last-Minute PSAT Cramming Tips

10 Last-Minute PSAT Cramming Tips SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The PSAT is coming up- fast. Test day will be here whether you've been studying or not.For the SAT, I would recommend delaying for a later test date, but that's not really possible with the PSAT. If youhave less than three weeks left, you're going to have to cram. So? How are you best going to preparefor the exam? In this article, I'll guide you through how to prepare quickly, including what to focus on for each section of the test and the best test-day techniques. Cramming for the PSAT: General Guidance There are a few over-arching principles that are crucial to the crammingprocess. Commit to Putting in the Time, but Don't Overstress the Test Time is of the essence,and you'll need tospend a lot of it preparing for the test.Don't give up on your homework, though- grades are hugely important in the bigger picture of college admissions, far moresothan the PSAT. The PSAT is not going to determine your fate. Its primary role is to help you understand where you stand as you start thinking about the SAT.No matter how good or bad your scores, colleges won't see them. The one thing your PSAT score does count for is theNational Merit Scholarship. If this matters to you, you'll probably need to put in more time to reachthe score cutoff for your state. Regardless, don't blow the PSAT's importanceout of proportion - if you do poorly, just make sure you start studying for the SAT earlier! Cramming for the PSAT is hard work. It will not, however, build muscles. Listen to Your Own Needs As you're preparing for the test, make sure to take care of yourself. Rest is beyond important.Practice good sleep hygiene and enact a decently early bedtime starting a good week before the test. Your bodystarts storing sleep not just the night before an event, but the night before that.Plus, if your sleepis usually limited (or simply not great), getting enough sleep can make you experience some extra fatigue, initially- so give your body time to adjust to getting rest. Temper healthy nerves by way of a reality check. As we said above, it's not the be-all, end-all of your life, your schooling, or even your high school career. Keep your confidence, and your calm. Limit stress, fatigue, and pessimism (in other words, the effects of overwork). Monitor your mindset: this is an opportunity to shine, not just a chance to get stomped on. How to Cram for the PSAT You may not havemuch time, but you do have some. Put those last few days or weeksto good use! Cooking, like the taking the PSAT, requires lots of preparation. #1: Take a Practice Test The first thing to do is take a full-length practice test. It's best to take it under test-day conditions if you can, but, if that's not possible, just make sure you get through the thing. If nothing else, this will serve as an opportunity to get thoroughly acquainted with the instructions and what they mean in practice. This will boost your confidence and decrease the time you waste on test day trying to figure out what you're expected to do. This is also a chance to acclimate to the types of questions on the test. Take note of the style and wording of the questions. Especially note that not all questions are technically questions- some include a command term and end in a period. (This is the difference between, "What is the solution?" and "Identify the solution.") See if you can find any patterns. Certain types of questions and formats of possible answers show up disproportionately. Perhaps most importantly, a practice test will show you whichareas need some extra attention. Ideally you should reviewevery section of the test as you prepare, but give documented weaknesses additional care. #2: Drill Official Questions This tip applies to all sections: drill real PSAT questions. There's nothing like practicing with official questions to show you where your potential difficulties lie. Both quality and quantity matter. You want to work as many problems as you can, but you also want to dissect what's going wrong when you make mistakes and work through the same (tricky) problems multiple times to get the hang of those routines. The more you go through the process, the more comfortable that process will become. #3:Read a Lot You don't have a lot of time, but spend your spare minutes immersed in literature. You're going to be doing a lot of reading on both the Reading Test and the Writing and Language Test, so getting comfortable understanding different types of texts is extermely important to excelling on the PSAT. However, not all reading is created equal. Reading for pleasure and entertainment is amazing. Right now, though, our focus is this test. Reading what's uncomfortable and unfamiliar builds new connections in your brain- not to mention that there's just more meat to dissect, anddissecting text is exactly what the test wants from you. The PSAT is going to present some pretty dense text, and you need to be at least somewhat used to looking at non-contemporary, formal, and/or academic literature.Read attentively and read critically, and get in as much as you can. Granted, this would work better if you were starting the process sooner, but even just acclimating to reading unfamiliar texts quickly will be helpful. If you dive right in now, it'll seem less stressfulby test day. This cactus didn't prepare before test day, and now see how overwhelmed he is? #4: Review Basic Grammar For the Writing and Language section, you absolutelymustknow the basic grammar rulescovered on the tests.You can't just follow your ear- there are many common errors that sound completely correct, and thesewill be on the test. Happily, there are relatively few concepts tested on this section, so you can cover the main ones very quickly. Even a few hours of review can make a big difference in your score. #5: Get Comfortable With Your Tools for Math Review the formulas that will be given to you on the test, as well as those you'll need to have memorized. As for the ones in your test booklet, they're no good to you if you barely recognize them; get familiar with them. As for the rest, you'll be on your own on test day when you find you need them. Practice rearranging equations; there's alot of algebra on this test, and mathematical manipulation is one of the primary skills that the test-makerslook at. Finally,ake sure you're comfortable with your calculator. Even if you've been using it in math class, try it out on some of the math problems that you're drilling (you are dirlling, right?). There are a few odd functions that'll come in handy, and you may or may not be familiar with them now. Also make sure your calculator is approved. Don't bring an abacus to the PSAT. PSAT Test-DayTips No matter how much studying you've done (or haven't done), there are a few solid principles that can make test day run much more smoothly. Warm Up the Morning Of Wake up, stretch, do your thing- and then do a bit of a warm-up. Review tricky practice problems that you've persevered in mastering, and try a fresh, new problem or two. Don't go beyond a simple warm-up, though: don't try to cram new material into your head. At best, it won't stick; at worst, it will muddle you up and stress you out. Feeling Panicky? Work It Out Self-talk is huge. How are you treating yourself? Kindly? Gently? Compassionately? Avoid being harsh or judgmental. Instead, affirm your assets: you've prepared, and you're ready. Put your game face on. Visualize the specifics of what's going to happen- and how you're going to handle it all like a champ. Let's try not to end up like this guy- he's not eveninside the test center yet. Answer Every Question There's no guessing penalty, so you can'tlose anything by bubbling in a choice. Do what you know how to do first. Next, eliminate answers where you can. Then, guess away! Guess on everything that's left. Leave nothing blank. To use this technique to your especial advantage, take a moment to read about how to guess strategically. Conclusion It's always best to start any study program with plenty of time before an exam. When that doesn't happen, though, or when it's just not possible, some types of cramming are smarter than other types of cramming. When it comes to the PSAT, taking a practice test and drilling extra practice questions can give enormous benefits. Beyond that, a lot of it is reading and reviewing basic rules. Also, remember: you're going to be working hard, so it's especially important to take intentional care of yourself. What's Next? Learn about the score range associated with the PSAT, so you know what general kinds of numbers you might expect to see when scores come out. Wondering exactly when scoreswill come out? It's a great idea to check out the dates to look for. If you're not sure what agood score might look like, though, take a moment to read about why that's a more complicated question than it seems. Get a sense of what an appropriate goal would be for you, while you're at it. Don't repeat the procrastinate-and-cram cycle for the SAT or ACT; start preparing earlier next time around. Take practice tests, and consider a prep program: PrepScholar has a great, customized program developed by experts, complete with a score-improvement guarantee. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

The Cold War and U.S. Dipliomacy essays

The Cold War and U.S. Dipliomacy essays In my assignment, I will write a three to five page paper on President Dwight D. Eisenhower doctrine of The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy during his presidency. Additionally, this paper will address the following: 1. Summarize a situation that required U.S. diplomatic efforts during the presidents 2. Explicate the diplomatic doctrine the president followed, with reference to specific actions or events that occurred. 3. Describe the effects of these diplomatic efforts for the U.S. and other countries. 4. Assess, in conclusion, the advantages and disadvantages of the particular doctrine U.S. Diplomatic Efforts During the Presidents Time in Office First, let's define the terms, "The Cold War" and "U.S. Diplomatic". The Cold War name was birth to the USSR and the United States after the Second World War. It was a decades-long struggle for global supremacy, the capitalist was United States against the communist Soviet Union starting around 1945. The war brought on primary by the US, consisted of political conflict, economic and technological competition between the communist world and western powers. Because of no physical fighting involved it was called, "The Cold War". Both nations involved expressed conflict through coalitions, aid, espionage, proxy wars, propaganda and nuclear technology arms races (Cold War, 2013). The term U.S. Diplomacy according to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, refers to a countrys ability to conduct negotiations between nations, skill in handling affairs without arousing hostility (Merriam-webster.com, 2013). I chose to write about Dwight D. Eisenhower, the nation's 34th president, (1953-61) that stated Use nukes and spooks to prevent Communists or other radical takeovers (Berry, N & Roskin, M (2010) Custom Edition, 2010). By no means, no other president in America's history was better prepared in the area of foreign affairs than Eisenhower. At that time, he had ma...

Evaluation on pulmonary rehab audit Dissertation

Evaluation on pulmonary rehab audit - Dissertation Example This dissertation has endeavoured to prove both the existence of such high standards in the practice of Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the lack of adequate means for LNFH to meet those standards. A random sample of 47 patients revealed insufficient assessments and records of assessments. However, it is very clear from reviews of many doctors who published their findings that PR should improve the quality of life of patients through an improvem...... The present lean Team made up of only two (2) Specialist Nurses and one (1) Specialist Physiologist at LNFH did not have weekly records to control. And the main task was just to encourage patients to exercise at least twice a week. To see improvements, the standard has been to try and be able to prolong those exercises or increase the distance and time for walking as well as to gather positive feedback through the accomplishment of Chronic Respiratory Questionnaires (CRQs). Pulmonary Rehabilitation programs at LNFH consist of physical cardiovascular and strength training, disease education, and nutritional, psychological and behavioural intervention. The benefits should eventually include the improvement in exercise performance, health status, dyspnea, increased quality of life and reduction in use of health services. The Respiratory Assessment Unit of Lymington New Forest Hospital provides a Pulmonary Rehabilitation Service (assessment and management) to the Hampshire PCT (SW) popul ation, following referral from Consultant, GP or Practicing Nurses following national standards. Phase 3 (supervised programme) and Phase 4 (ongoing lifestyle change management programmes) are available on an out patient basis. It delivers pulmonary rehabilitation at two sites, namely, Lymington New Forest Hospital and Hythe Hospital. This is to maximize capacity and offer a geographically more suitable location for patients. The course runs for eight weeks, on a rolling basis to improve compliance, and consists of exercises to improve limb strength and cardiovascular fitness. After a period of recovery and relaxation where refreshment is served and an education session is delivered based on the following core

Gender Disparity in Employment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gender Disparity in Employment - Research Paper Example The society is usually highly structured and stratified based on social hierarchies which have both dominant and subordinate groups coexisting together. As such, the gender disparity seen in matters pertaining to labor or employment can be traced back to a highly patriarchal and discriminative society (Donahue, 2007). This paper will try to tackle the two dominant causes of gender disparity in the social sphere which are patriarchal systems, and gender discrimination. Patriarchal systems usually refer to male dominance in which gender hierarchy favors the male over the female gender. The males are usually endowed with power, material and status advantages over their female counterparts. Despite advances and profound structural changes within the society, the gender hierarchy is still propagated today in different forms. These structural changes include such things like increasingly venture of women into male dominated careers and more women opting for careers as opposed to formative days when they stayed at home. Currently, there is no one single way through which the patriarchal system can be analyzed and understood as a possible cause of gender disparity, those interactional processes that are taken for granted may be the solution. These interactional processes are usually mediated through gender stratification which is an old time sociological practice (Elliott & Smith, 2004). The reasons for male dominance in patriarchal societies has been attributed to different factors and key among are culture, religion and capitalism. Through the industrialization and modernization of man, the culture of male dominance has been the norm whereby in forms of mass production that existed in the agrarian civilization, man was favored as the dominant figure. This is because it was the duty of man to perform strenuous tasks like fighting while women were allocated lighter duties like taking care of the homes. In that way, division of labor developed which later became entrenc hed in the society. In a way, capitalism propagated paternalism further by favoring men who seem not to overindulge in work in the society according to the cultural settings while it is they who own everything. In a way, that is exploitative but that is way that things have been moving on but slowly they are changing as more parity is being introduced in the previously skewed gender disparity (Donahue, 2007; Ridgeway, 1997). Discrimination simply refers to prejudice based on perceived traits that may be biological or otherwise. When one is discriminated against, it does not necessarily have to be based on race but also gender discrimination exists especially in matters pertaining to labor or employment. Currently, the trend is slowly changing but there are those jobs or careers that are dominated by the male gender at the expense of the female gender. Reasons attributed to this can be traced to individual perceptions of the key players in the field which naturally discriminate again st the female gender in holding some positions. Take for instance the issue of women representation legislation or politics which remains a largely male dominated affair globally even in the US. Although the last word has to come from the voters who by the way comprise a bigger women representation, they discriminate aga